粉塵處理-布袋除塵器配脈充儀用起來更方便。脈沖除塵器是當(dāng)含塵氣體由進(jìn)風(fēng)口進(jìn)入除塵器，首先碰到進(jìn)出風(fēng)口中間的斜板及擋板，氣流便轉(zhuǎn)向流入灰斗，同時(shí)氣流速度放慢，由于慣性作用，使氣體中粗顆粒粉塵直接流入灰斗。起預(yù)收塵的作用，進(jìn)入灰斗的氣流隨后折而向上通過內(nèi)部裝有金屬骨架的濾袋粉塵被捕集在濾袋的外表面，凈化后的氣體進(jìn)入濾袋室上部清潔室，匯集到出風(fēng)口排出，含塵氣體通過濾袋凈化的過程中，隨著時(shí)間的增加而積附在濾袋上的粉塵越來越多，增加濾袋阻力，致使處理風(fēng)量逐漸減少，為正常工作，要控制阻力在一定范圍內(nèi)（140--170毫米水柱），一旦超過范圍必須對(duì)濾袋進(jìn)行清灰，清灰時(shí)由脈沖控制儀順序觸發(fā)各控制閥開啟脈沖閥，氣包內(nèi)的壓縮空氣由噴吹管各孔經(jīng)文氏管噴射到各相應(yīng)的濾袋內(nèi)，濾袋瞬間急劇膨脹，使積附在濾袋表面的粉塵脫落，濾袋恢復(fù)初始狀態(tài)。清下粉塵落入灰斗，經(jīng)排灰系統(tǒng)排出機(jī)體。由此使積附在濾袋上的粉塵周期地脈沖噴吹清灰，使凈化氣體正常通過，保證除塵系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行。

布袋除塵器在使用中的問題分析：

(1)反吹清灰的控制模式

反吹清灰的頻率與強(qiáng)弱是影響布袋除塵器壽命的主要因素之一。由于電站鍋爐負(fù)荷和燃煤煤質(zhì)波動(dòng)均較大，造成其煙氣量及煙氣含塵濃度均有較大的波動(dòng)，因而在設(shè)計(jì)反吹清灰的控制模式時(shí)，要根據(jù)除塵器上下室(凈氣室和袋室)的壓差盡量多設(shè)定幾種反吹清灰模式，以適應(yīng)燃煤鍋爐工況的變化，延長除塵器的使用壽命。

(2)灰斗堵灰

由于布袋除塵器采用水沖式排灰，即落入灰斗的灰通過電動(dòng)鎖氣器排入沖灰水箱后由地溝排走。

在冬季會(huì)出現(xiàn)在鍋爐剛啟用后或長時(shí)間停運(yùn)重新投運(yùn)布袋除塵器時(shí)灰斗堵灰的問題。分析得知，這是由于灰斗結(jié)露和電動(dòng)鎖氣器封閉不嚴(yán)引起的。冬季室外溫度較低，除塵器啟動(dòng)后，熱煙氣進(jìn)入灰斗會(huì)在冰冷的灰斗壁結(jié)露，而此處又屬煙氣滯流區(qū)，不能被

煙氣快速加熱，使得落入灰斗的灰粘在灰斗壁造成堵灰；同時(shí)電動(dòng)鎖氣器封閉不嚴(yán)會(huì)使沖灰水箱內(nèi)的“水氣”被吸入灰斗，在灰斗下灰口處凝結(jié)也容易造成堵灰。另外，灰斗加熱裝置功率小、安裝位置不合理也是造成灰斗堵灰的原因。因此，在灰斗的設(shè)計(jì)中要在充分考慮當(dāng)?shù)氐臍鉁睾团呕倚问降幕A(chǔ)上核算灰斗加熱裝置的功率和安裝位置，在布袋啟動(dòng)控制中要加入灰斗預(yù)熱程序；同時(shí)，要選用安全可靠、封閉性能較好的鎖氣器，并加強(qiáng)灰斗的保溫。

(3)布袋除塵器冒煙的處理辦法

布袋除塵器如果冒煙或者是冒灰的話，都屬于嚴(yán)重的損壞了，應(yīng)該及時(shí)進(jìn)行處理。一般來說冒煙的原因有兩種，一個(gè)是由于除塵布袋破損導(dǎo)致布袋除塵器上下吊扣不嚴(yán)密，花板和花板之間連接不嚴(yán)密。另一種是瞬間的冒煙，遇到這種情況的話其實(shí)就是除塵布袋的破損但是情況不散很嚴(yán)重。效率顯著提高如果除塵布袋破損嚴(yán)重的話，那么要對(duì)除塵布袋進(jìn)行更換。先停止布袋除塵器的工作，然后將清灰控制器關(guān)閉，打開入孔門，將除塵布袋進(jìn)行拆卸。在安裝新的除塵布袋的時(shí)候，先將花板空上的粉塵清干凈。

(4)反吹清灰系統(tǒng)的故障

反吹清灰系統(tǒng)的故障主要有：反吹電磁閥不動(dòng)作、壓縮空氣管路積水和回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)卡澀。反吹電磁脈沖閥本身的質(zhì)量問題是造成其不動(dòng)作的主要原因；另外，反吹壓縮空氣的質(zhì)量(主要是含水、含塵)和供電電源的穩(wěn)定性都會(huì)影響電磁閥的正常工作。冬季北方室外溫度較低，布置在戶外的壓縮空氣管路容易積水或結(jié)冰，因此，在設(shè)計(jì)戶外壓縮空氣管路時(shí)要設(shè)計(jì)放水點(diǎn)和保溫措施，特別寒冷的地區(qū)需增加伴熱。由于回轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)構(gòu)有一部分在高溫?zé)煔庵羞\(yùn)行，另一部分在環(huán)境溫度下運(yùn)行，兩部分之間的溫差較大，容易引起變形卡澀，因此，在設(shè)計(jì)中要充分考慮溫度因素。 

Dust disposal - cloth bag filter with pulse filling instrumentis more convenient to use. Pulse dust collector is when thedust-containing gas enters the dust collector from the air inlet,first touches the inclined plate and baffle in the middle of theair inlet and outlet, the air flow will turn to flow into the ashhopper, at the same time, the air velocity slows down, due toinertia, so that coarse particles in the gas directly into the ashhopper. As a pre-dust collector, the air flow into the ash hopperis then folded upwards through a filter bag with a metal skeletoninside, and the dust is trapped on the outer surface of the filterbag. The purified gas enters the upper cleaning room of the filterbag chamber, and is collected and discharged to the outlet. Thedust-containing gas accumulates in the process of purificationthrough the filter bag with the increase of time. More and moredust on the filter bag, increase the resistance of the filter bag,resulting in a gradual reduction of air handling, for normal work,to control the resistance within a certain range (140-170mm watercolumn), once beyond the range must be carried out on the filterbag ash, ash removal by the pulse controller triggered the se control valves open pulse valve, the pressure in the air bag.Shrinkage air is injected into the corresponding filter bags byVenturi tube through the holes of the injection tube. The filterbags expand rapidly instantaneously, which makes the dustaccumulated on the surface of the filter bags fall off and thefilter bags return to their original state. The dust falls into theash hopper and is discharged through the ash disposal system. Thusthe dust accumulated on the filter bag is periodically Pulsativelyinjected to clear the dust, so that the purified gas passes throughnormally and the operation of the dust removal system isguaranteed.

Analysis of problems in the use of bag filter

(1) control mode of reverse blowing and ash cleaning

The frequency and strength of reverse blowing and ash cleaningare one of the main factors that affect the life of bag filter.Because the load of utility boiler and coal fluctuategreatly, the flue gas volume and dust concentration fluctuategreatly. Therefore, several back-blown dust cleaning modes shouldbe set up according to the pressure difference between the upperand lower chambers of the dust collector (the clean gas chamber andthe bag chamber) in order to adapt to the change of coal-firedboiler working conditions. The service life of the dust collectoris prolonged.

(2) ash fouling

Because the bag dust collector uses water flushing to dischargeash, that is, the ash falling into the ash hopper is dischargedinto the ash flushing water tank through an electric air lock andthen discharged from the trench.

In winter, the ash bucket blocking problem will occur when theboiler is just started or after a long period of shutdown andre-commissioning bag filter. The analysis shows that this is due tothe ash hopper condensation and the lack of strict electric lock.Winter outdoor temperature is low, after the dust collector starts,hot smoke into the ash hopper will condensate in the cold wall ofthe ash hopper, and here is a stagnant zone of flue gas, can notbe.

The rapid heating of flue gas makes the ash falling into the ashhopper stick to the wall of the ash hopper and causes ash blockage;at the same time, if the electric gas lock is not tightly sealed,the "water gas" in the ash flushing tank will be sucked into theash hopper, and the ash trap will be easily blocked by condensationat the ash mouth under the ash hopper. In addition, the power ofash hopper heating device is small and installation position isunreasonable, which is also the cause of ash blockage. Therefore,in the design of the ash bucket, the power and installationposition of the ash bucket heating device should be calculated onthe basis of fully considering the local temperature and ashdischarge form, and the preheating program of the ash bucket shouldbe added to the cloth bag start-up control; at the same time, asafe and reliable gas lock with good sealing performance should beselected, and the temperature protection of the ash bucket shouldbe strengthened.

(3) treatment of smoke from bag filter

Cloth bag filter if smoke or ash, are serious damage, should bedealt with in time. Generally speaking, there are two reasons forsmoke, one is due to the bag bag broken cloth dust collectorhanging up and down is not tight, the connection between theceiling and the ceiling is not tight. The other is instantaneoussmoke, encountered in this case is actually the dust bag broken butthe situation does not disperse is very serious. The efficiency issignificantly improved. If the dust bag is seriously damaged, thedust bag can be replaced. Stop the bag filter first, then turn offthe dust removal controller, open the entrance door, and remove thebag. When installing new dust bag, clean up the dust on theceiling.

(4) failure of anti blow ash cleaning system

The main faults of back-blowing ash cleaning system are:back-blowing solenoid valve does not move, compressed air pipelinewater and rotary mechanism jam. In addition, the ofback-blown compressed air (mainly water and dust) and the stabilityof power supply will affect the normal operation of the solenoidvalve. In winter, the outdoor compressed air pipeline is easy toaccumulate water or freeze because of the lower outdoor temperaturein the north. Therefore, the design of outdoor compressed airpipeline should design the drainage point and thermal insulationmeasures, especially in cold areas need to increase heat tracing.Because one part of the rotary mechanism operates in hightemperature flue gas and the other part operates at ambienttemperature, the temperature difference between the two parts islarge, which is easy to cause deformation and jam. Therefore,temperature factors should be fully considered in the design