礦石專業(yè)進口｜海運 / 空運 / 快遞 運輸+報關(guān)清關(guān)全方案（中英雙語）

適用貨種：銅、鉛、鋅、錫、鎢、金、鋯英砂、鈦鐵礦、獨居石、鋰精礦等；核心區(qū)分：大宗海運散雜船、集裝箱噸袋海運、空運樣品、國際快遞礦樣；貿(mào)易礦（大批量精礦）和實驗室礦樣監(jiān)管完全不一樣。法規(guī)總綱：全部礦產(chǎn)品屬于法定檢驗A類，強制放射性篩查、固廢排查；部分礦種需要O證、兩用物項許可證。

一、海運進口（貿(mào)易大宗貨，95%礦石進口采用）Sea Freight for Commercial Bulk Ore

1. 散雜船 Bulk Carrier（萬噸級大批量精礦/原礦）

中文

1. 適用場景：大批量銅/鉛/鋅/金精礦、鐵礦、鋯鈦礦，東南亞/非洲/南美長線貨源；推薦口岸：防城港、欽州、湛江、青島、天津、寧波梅山。

2. 運輸要點

3. 硫化精礦（Cu/Pb/Zn）屬于自熱危險貨物，必須提供MSDS+海運安全鑒定書，船公司審核后方可訂艙；獨立隔離艙位，控制堆高、通風。

4. 裝港：裝船前CCIC取樣、放射性檢測、品質(zhì)COA；水尺計重作為結(jié)算重量依據(jù)。

5. 到港：靠泊同步輸送帶在線取樣、γ放射篩查、固廢AI初篩；

6. 清關(guān)規(guī)則：鉛鋅精礦適用先放后檢；銅/錫/鎢/金/獨居石必須實驗室檢測合格、拿到入境檢驗檢疫證明才可銷售冶煉。

7. 單證：合同、發(fā)票、箱單、海運提單、原產(chǎn)地證（RCEPFORM-E東盟零關(guān)稅）、非固廢聲明、COA、放射性報告；錫/鎢/獨居石額外增加兩用物項許可證、ITSCI沖突礦產(chǎn)證書。

8. 物流：卸船直接落地防塵堆場，可船鐵直轉(zhuǎn)不落地，節(jié)省倉儲費；密閉貨車/鐵路轉(zhuǎn)運冶煉廠。

9. 倉儲：0.4–1.0元/噸/天；放射類礦單獨隔離堆位，溢價。

English

1. Application: Large volume Cu/Pb/Zn/Au concentrates, iron, zircon& titanium ore from ASEAN, Africa & South America. Recommendedports: Fangchenggang, , Zhanjiang, , Tianjin, NingboMeishan.

2. Transport Notes

3. Sulphide concentrates (Cu/Pb/Zn) are self-heatingdangerous goods. MSDS & sea transport safety assessmentare mandatory for booking. Segregated hold & properuired.

4. Loading port: Pre-shipment CCIC sampling, radioactivity test,COA. Draft survey for commercial weight.

5. Discharge port: On-conveyor auto sampling, gamma portalscreening, AI solid waste screening during unloading.

6. Clearance rule: Pb/Zn concentrate: release before labresult. Cu/Sn/W/Au/Monazite: commercial sale & smeltingonly permitted after lab pass and CI issued.

7. Documents: Contract, invoice, packing list, ocean B/L, COO (RCEPFORM-E for ASEAN zero tariff), non-solid waste declaration, COA,radioactivity report. Sn/W/Monazite: add dual-use license + ITSCIcertificate.

8. Logistics: Discharge to dust-proof yard; ship-to-rail directtransfer available (no ground storage). Delivered to smelter bysealed truck or rail.

9. Storage: CNY0.4–1.0/ton/day; segregated yard with premium forradioactive associated ore.

2. 集裝箱噸袋海運 Container Ton Bag（20GP/40GP，中批量高價值精礦：錫、鎢、鋰、金精礦）

中文

1. 適用：幾百噸~幾千噸，東南亞近洋，錫鎢金等高價值礦；欽州、南沙、防城港為主。

2. 運輸要點：噸袋必須加厚防漏、防水；粉料礦要求柜內(nèi)襯膜；裝柜前做放射預檢測；硫化精礦訂艙必須提前申報自熱屬性。

3. 到港流程：換D/O → 碼頭門式放射通道+H986掃描 →布控則密閉車間開箱取樣（禁止露天拆箱）→ 實驗室檢測。

4. 優(yōu)勢：貨損可控、貨權(quán)清晰，可入保稅倉做保稅混礦、分批出庫緩稅。

5. 風險點：滯箱費，等待化驗出證期間極易產(chǎn)生，300–500元/20GP/天。

English

1. Application: Hundreds to thousands tons high-value concentrates(Sn, W, Li, Au), near-sea ASEAN cargo. Main ports: , Nansha,Fangchenggang.

2. Transport Notes: Reinforced waterproof ton bags + liner for finepowder. Pre-shipment radiation test. Self-heating property must bedeclared for sulphide concentrate booking.

3. Arrival flow: Exchange D/O → portal gamma + H986 scan → ifinspected, sampling in enclosed dust-proof workshop(open-air devanning forbidden) → lab analysis.

4. Advantage: Low cargo loss, clear title; bonded warehousing,bonded blending & duty deferral available.

5. Risk: Container demurrage, CNY300–500/20GP/day,often incurred while waiting for lab report.

二、空運進口 Air Freight（僅礦樣、小批量科研樣品，不適合大宗貿(mào)易礦）

中文

1. 適用：實驗室礦樣、小批量對標樣品，幾十kg級別；嚴禁以樣品名義大批量進口貿(mào)易礦。

2. 運輸限制：

3. 硫化精礦屬于自熱貨物，空運極難承運，多數(shù)航司拒接；

4. 含放射性礦樣（獨居石、鎢錫伴生鈾釷）必須提前民航+海關(guān)放射報備，包裝滿足IATA放射性包裝分類；

5. 粉末礦樣必須做粉末鑒定、防泄漏包裝。

6. 報關(guān)：樣品申報，價值如實申報；錫、鎢、獨居石樣品同樣需要兩用物項許可證，無證直接扣貨退運。

7. 口岸：廣州白云、深圳寶安機場。

8. 注意：樣品≠免稅，海關(guān)可核定征稅；不能偽報“石頭、礦物標本”。

English

1. Application: Lab mineral samples only, small (tens ofkg). Not for commercial bulk ore; bulk cargo cannot bedisguised as samples.

2. Restrictions

3. Sulphide concentrates are self-heating goods, hardlyaccepted by airlines.

4. Radioactive samples (monazite, W/Sn with Th/U): advancenotification to airline & customs, IATA radioactiveuired.

5. Powder ore needs leakage-proof packaging & powderidentification.

6. Customs: Declare as sample with true value. Sn/W/monazitesamples also require dual-use license; no license→ detention & return.

7. Airports: Guangzhou Baiyun, Shenzhen Bao’an.

8. Note: Samples are not duty-free. Do not falsely declare as “rock/ mineral specimen”.

三、國際快遞進口（DHL / Fedex / UPS，少量礦樣）Express Courier

中文

1. 適用：少量科研樣品，一般≤20kg；貿(mào)易礦不能走快遞。

2. 監(jiān)管重點：

3. 粉末、放射性礦件是快遞高查驗品類；

4. 錫、鎢、獨居石樣品，兩用物項許可證不可免；

5. 禁止偽報“石頭、土壤、標本”；土壤、尾礦、固廢直接扣貨退運。

6. 流程：快件清關(guān)，機場放射掃描，取樣送檢；查驗率遠高于普通貨物。

7. 風險：快遞艙容、包裝標準嚴苛；放射性超標直接就地退運，產(chǎn)生高額退運費用。

English

1. Application: Small lab samples ≤20kg. Express is not forcommercial ore.

2. Key control

3. Powder & radioactive shipments have high inspection rate.

4. Sn/W/monazite samples still require dual-use license.

5. False declaration as rock / soil / specimen is prohibited. Soil,tailings & solid waste will be detained and returned.

6. Flow: Express customs clearance, airport radiation scan,sampling & lab test. Inspection rate much higher than generalcargo.

7. Risk: Strict packaging & cargo acceptance rules. Radioactivityover-limit leads to immediate return with high cost.

四、礦石進口通用報關(guān)核心流程（海運/空運/快遞通用）General Customs Clearance Flow

中文

1. 船前預審（開船前3–7天）：單證審核，許可證校驗（O證/兩用證），放射&固廢風險評估；LME公式定價提前備案（銅鉛鋅后點價）。

2. 到港/到機場：換單（D/O或運單）。

3. 單一窗口申報，報關(guān)報檢合并。

4. 口岸查驗：門式γ放射性篩查 + H986X光掃描 + 外觀查驗 + 取樣送檢。

5. 實驗室檢測：品位、砷汞鎘有害元素、放射性核素；判定是否屬于固廢。

6. 放行判定：

7. 鉛鋅精礦：現(xiàn)場初檢合格可先提貨，等待實驗室報告；報告不合格需召回。

8. 銅錫鎢金獨居石：必須拿到合格檢疫證書，方可銷售冶煉。

9. 繳稅：關(guān)稅（RCEP一般0%）+進口增值稅13%，繳款書可抵扣。

10. 倉儲、拆箱、內(nèi)陸配送。

English

1. Pre-shipment review (3–7 days before loading): document check,license validation (O / dual-use), radiation & solid waste riskassessment; pre-file LME formula pricing for post-pricingconcentrates.

2. Arrival: exchange delivery order.

3. Combined customs & CI via Single Window.

4. Port inspection: portal gamma screening + H986 X-ray + visualcheck + sampling for lab test.

5. Lab test: grade, hazardous elements (As/Hg/Cd), radionuclide;solid waste identification if triggered.

6. Release rule:

7. Pb/Zn concentrate: cargo can be removed after on-site pass,pending lab result; recall required if lab fails.

8. Cu/Sn/W/Au/Monazite: sale & smelting only after CIissued.

9. Tax payment: tariff (0% for RCEP) + 13% import VAT, VATdeductible.

10. Warehousing, devanning, inland delivery.

五、三大渠道對比表 Comparison

項目海運散雜船集裝箱噸袋海運空運 / 國際快遞（僅樣品）貨量≥500噸大宗貿(mào)易礦幾十~幾千噸，高價值精礦≤幾十kg，實驗室樣品證件O證；錫鎢獨居石加兩用證O證；錫鎢獨居石加兩用證樣品同樣需要對應許可證風險自熱、放射、固廢滯箱費、放射、固廢包裝不合格、航司拒載、高查驗率成本低，單位噸運費低中等極高，只適合樣品，不適合貿(mào)易貨適用礦種銅鉛鋅金、鐵礦、鋯鈦礦錫、鎢、鋰、金精礦少量礦樣

六、全鏈路高頻踩坑點 Common Pitfalls

中文

1. 固廢紅線：低品位、圍巖、尾礦，極易觸發(fā)固廢鑒別；一旦判定固廢，強制退運。

2. 放射性超標：緬甸/老撾錫鎢、獨居石，口岸放射通道超標直接封存退運。

3. 證件問題：錫、鎢、獨居石，無論樣品還是大貨，兩用物項許可證不可豁免，不可買單進口。

4. 硫化礦自熱：銅鉛鋅硫化精礦，無MSDS+海運安全鑒定，船公司拒接、碼頭拒絕卸貨。

5. 偽報品名：貿(mào)易礦走快遞/空運，偽報樣品/石頭，海關(guān)重罰扣貨。

6. LME后點價未備案：銅鉛鋅精礦未做公式定價備案，海關(guān)審價抬高完稅價格。

7. 單單不一致：提單、產(chǎn)地證、COA品位、重量、產(chǎn)地不匹配，RCEP零關(guān)稅失效。

English

1. Solid waste: Low-grade ore mixed withgangue/tailings triggers solid waste identification; confirmedsolid waste → forced return.

2. Radioactivity over-limit: Sn/W fromMyanmar/Laos and monazite may fail portal screening and be detainedfor return.

3. License re: Sn, W and monazite re license for both bulk cargo AND samples; no nominalimport.

4. Self-heating sulphide ore: Cu/Pb/Zn sulphideconcentrate without MSDS & sea safety assessment will be rejectedby carrier & terminal.

5. False declaration: Commercial ore shipped viaair/express and declared as samples/rocks leads to heavy penalty &detention.

6. Unfiled LME formula pricing: Post-pricingconcentrate without customs pre-filing will face price negotiationand higher taxable value.

7. Document mismatch: Discrepancy between B/L, COOand COA invalidates RCEP tariff preference.

七、埔江國際服務(wù)范圍 Pujiang Service Scope

船前礦品風險評估、HS歸類、O證代辦、錫鎢獨居石兩用物項許可協(xié)助、ITSCI沖突礦產(chǎn)審核；海運散船/集裝箱訂艙、空運/快遞樣品方案；CCIC裝運前檢驗、礦源溯源；船代換單、報關(guān)報檢、放射/H986查驗協(xié)調(diào)；密閉拆箱、普通/保稅倉儲、水尺計重、取樣送檢、審價抗辯、稅費代繳；海鐵/拖車內(nèi)陸配送；固廢評估、放射應急、退運業(yè)務(wù)。Pre-shipment risk assessment, HS classification, O licenseapplication, dual-use license assistance for Sn/W/monazite, ITSCIreview; bulk & container sea booking, air / express samplesolution; pre-shipment CCIC, mineral traceability; B/L exchange,customs declaration, radiation & H986 inspection coordination;enclosed devanning, normal / bonded warehousing, draft survey,sampling, valuation defense, tax payment; rail & truck inlanddelivery; solid waste assessment, radioactive emergency handling &cargo return.