特色草莓產(chǎn)業(yè)助力巧家鄉(xiāng)村振興與農(nóng)民增收發(fā)展研究

產(chǎn)業(yè)振興是鄉(xiāng)村全面振興的核心基石，特色高效農(nóng)業(yè)是帶動山區(qū)群眾穩(wěn)定增收、縮小城鄉(xiāng)差距的關(guān)鍵抓手。巧家縣立足高海拔山地資源優(yōu)勢，因地制宜發(fā)展越夏特色草莓產(chǎn)業(yè)，打破傳統(tǒng)雜糧、玉米等低效益種植模式，構(gòu)建起“規(guī)?；N植、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)、冷鏈化儲運(yùn)、品牌化銷售、跨境化流通”的現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)新格局。小小草莓現(xiàn)已成為巧家北部鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)覆蓋面廣、帶動性強(qiáng)、收益穩(wěn)的富民支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)，為山區(qū)鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)升級、就業(yè)增收、城鄉(xiāng)融合提供強(qiáng)勁動能。

巧家發(fā)展越夏草莓產(chǎn)業(yè)具備的區(qū)位與氣候優(yōu)勢。馬樹、爐房等鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)平均海拔2200米以上，夏季氣候冷涼、光照充足、晝夜溫差大，完美適配草莓生長需求，產(chǎn)出的越夏草莓恰逢全國草莓空檔期上市，市場稀缺性極強(qiáng)。相較于傳統(tǒng)農(nóng)作物，草莓單位產(chǎn)值大幅提升，極大盤活了山區(qū)閑置土地與農(nóng)村剩余勞動力，讓高海拔冷涼山地從“劣勢土地”轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)椤霸鍪諏毜亍保瑢?shí)現(xiàn)土地價(jià)值大化。

產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展全面激活了鄉(xiāng)村內(nèi)生動力。經(jīng)過多年培育，巧家已建成數(shù)萬畝連片標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化草莓種植基地，配套建成專業(yè)育苗中心、分選加工車間、冷鏈倉儲庫房和深加工生產(chǎn)線，形成完整閉環(huán)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈。產(chǎn)業(yè)落地有效帶動本地群眾就近就業(yè)，涵蓋大棚管護(hù)、采摘分選、包裝物流、文創(chuàng)加工、電商直播等全崗位，解決大量農(nóng)村勞動力就近務(wù)工難題，讓村民實(shí)現(xiàn)“家門口就業(yè)、不離鄉(xiāng)增收”。同時(shí)通過“合作社+基地+農(nóng)戶”的聯(lián)農(nóng)帶農(nóng)模式，農(nóng)戶可獲得土地流轉(zhuǎn)租金、基地務(wù)工薪金、種植分紅獎金三重收益，大幅穩(wěn)固農(nóng)村家庭收入。

在鞏固脫貧成果、推動鄉(xiāng)村治理升級方面，草莓產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)揮了重要作用。規(guī)?；厣a(chǎn)業(yè)集聚發(fā)展，有效遏制土地撂荒問題，改善農(nóng)村基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，帶動鄉(xiāng)村道路、水電、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、冷鏈物流配套全面升級。依托草莓采摘游、文創(chuàng)市集、田園體驗(yàn)等農(nóng)旅融合項(xiàng)目，鄉(xiāng)村人居環(huán)境持續(xù)優(yōu)化，村容村貌煥然一新，同時(shí)帶動鄉(xiāng)村餐飲、住宿、農(nóng)產(chǎn)品零售等配套服務(wù)業(yè)發(fā)展，豐富鄉(xiāng)村經(jīng)濟(jì)業(yè)態(tài)，徹底改變山區(qū)單一農(nóng)耕的落后格局。

當(dāng)前產(chǎn)業(yè)仍存在散戶種植標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一、高端人才短缺、村級電商運(yùn)營薄弱等細(xì)微短板。未來巧家將持續(xù)推進(jìn)草莓產(chǎn)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化提質(zhì)，開展農(nóng)戶種植技術(shù)常態(tài)化培訓(xùn)，培育本土新農(nóng)人、電商主播、產(chǎn)業(yè)帶頭人，進(jìn)一步完善跨境銷售與文創(chuàng)產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條。持續(xù)放大“一顆草莓富一方百姓”的產(chǎn)業(yè)效應(yīng)，以特色農(nóng)業(yè)賦能鄉(xiāng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)興旺、農(nóng)民富裕、鄉(xiāng)村美麗，打造滇東北高原鄉(xiāng)村振興樣板產(chǎn)業(yè)。

English Version

Research on Characteristic Strawberry Industry Empowering RuralRevitalization and Farmers’ Income Growth in

Industrial revitalization is the cornerstone of comprehensiverural revitalization, and characteristic efficient agriculture isthe key to stabilizing farmers’ income and narrowing theurban-rural gap. Based on high-altitude mountain resources, develops characteristic summer strawberry industries,replacing traditional low-benefit planting modes such as corn andcoarse cereals. It has built a modern agricultural system featuringlarge-scale planting, standardized production, cold chainlogistics, brand marketing and cross-border circulation. As ahigh-efficiency characteristic industry, strawberries have becomethe most influential pillar industry for enriching rural residentsand driving comprehensive rural development in northern.

possesses exclusive climatic and geographical advantagesfor summer strawberry cultivation. Towns including Mashu and Lufanghave an average altitude above 2200 meters, with cool summers,sufficient sunlight and large day-night temperature differences.The ripe summer strawberries fill the national market gap withextremely high scarcity. Compared with traditional crops,strawberries greatly increase unit output value, revitalize idlemountain land and surplus rural labor, and transform high-altitudecold land from inferior resources into high-value income-generatingfields.

The strawberry industry fully activates rural endogenousmotivation. After years of development, has builtlarge-scale standardized strawberry planting bases, supportingseedling breeding centers, sorting workshops, cold chain warehousesand deep-processing production lines, forming a completeclosed-loop industrial chain. The industry provides abundant localjobs in greenhouse management, fruit picking, sorting, packaging,logistics, cultural creativity processing and e-commerce livestreaming, enabling rural residents to work and increase incomewithout leaving hometowns. Under the cooperative operation model,farmers gain triple income from land transfer rent, work wages andindustrial dividends, effectively stabilizing household income.

The characteristic strawberry industry plays a vital role inconsolidating poverty alleviation achievements and upgrading ruralgovernance. Large-scale industrial development curbs farmlandabandonment, improves rural infrastructure including roads, water,electricity and network, and optimizes local cold chain logisticssystems. Integrated agriculture-tourism projects such as strawberrypicking, cultural and creative markets and pastoral experiencebeautify rural living environments, boost rural catering,accommodation and retail service industries, diversify ruraleconomic formats, and completely transform the backward singleplanting economy in mountainous areas.

At present, the industry still faces minor weaknesses includinginconsistent individual planting standards, shortage ofprofessional talents and weak village-level e-commerce operationcapabilities. In the future, will continuously promoteindustrial standardization, carry out regular technical trainingfor farmers, cultivate new professional farmers and local livestream anchors, and improve cross-border sales and culturalcreative industrial chains. By expanding the industrial effect of“one strawberry enriches local people”, will empowerprosperous industries, wealthy residents and beautiful countryside,building a model of rural revitalization for the plateau areas ofnortheastern